Glossary
There is much medical terminology related to diabetes, which at times can be overwhelming and confusing. We believe that providing a glossary of terms related to diabetes may help people better understand diabetes. The more one understands, the easier it is to manage diabetes.
Thus, this Diabetes Glossary was developed as an integral part of the Johns Hopkins Patient Guide to Diabetes website. Many terms are cross-referenced, and the on-line glossary continues to expand. We hope readers find this resource helpful.
All of the terms included on our website are included in a downloadable PDF available for you to print.
- A1c
- Abdominal obesity
- Acanthosis nigricans
- Acarbose
- ACE
- ACE inhibitor
- Acetohexamide
- ACR
- Actos
- Acute
- ADA
- Adhesive capsulitis
- Adipose
- Adult onset diabetes
- Aerobic
- Albiglutide
- Albumin
- Albumin to Creatinine Ratio
- Albuminuria
- Allograft
- Alogliptin
- Alpha cell
- Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
- Altace
- Altocor
- Amaryl
- Amputation
- Amylin
- Amyotrophy
- Anabolic
- Analogues
- Anemia
- Angina
- Angiogram
- Angiopathy
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
- Angiotensin receptor blockers
- Animal insulin
- Anti-Platelet Therapy
- Antibodies
- Anticoagulants
- Antihypertensive Medications
- Antimicrobial
- Antioxidants
- Antipsychotic
- Apidra
- Apnea
- ARBs
- Artery
- Artificial sweeteners
- Aspart
- Aspartame
- Atacand
- Atherosclerosis
- Atkins diet
- Atorvastatin
- Autoantibody
- Autoimmune disease
- Autonomic
- Autonomic neuropathy
- Avandia
- Avapro
- Bariatric surgery
- Basal insulin
- Benazepril
- Benicar
- Beta blockers
- Beta cells
- Bisphosphonates
- Bladder
- Blood Glucose
- Blood glucose level
- Blood glucose meter
- Blood pressure
- Blood urea nitrogen
- Blood vessels
- BMI
- Body mass index
- Bolus insulin
- Bone mineral density test
- BP
- Brittle diabetes
- Bun
- Bunion
- Bydureon
- Byetta
- C-peptide
- CAD
- Calcium
- Callus
- Calorie
- Canagliflozin
- Candesartan
- Capillary
- Capoten
- Capsaicin
- Captopril
- Carbohydrate
- Carbohydrate counting
- Carbs
- Cardiologist
- Cardiovascular disease
- Cardiovascular system
- CAT Scan
- Cataracts
- Catheter
- CDCES
- CDE
- Celiac Disease
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Certified Diabetes Educator
- Cesarean section
- CF
- Charcot foot
- CHF
- Chlorpropamide
- Cholesterol
- Chronic
- Circulation
- CKD
- Claudication
- Clinical trials
- Clopidogrel
- Cognition
- Coma
- Combination therapy
- Comorbidities
- Complementary and Integrative Medicine
- Complex carbs
- Complications
- Congenital
- Congestive heart failure
- Continuous glucose monitors
- Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
- Coronary artery disease
- Correction factor
- Correctional insulin
- Coumadin
- Cozaar
- Creatinine
- Crestor
- CSII
- CT Scan
- CVA
- CVD
- Cyclamate
- Cystic fibrosis
- Dapagliflozin
- Dash diet
- Dawn phenomenon
- DCCT
- DDP-IV inhibitors
- Dehydration
- Dermopathy
- Desensitization
- Detemir
- DEXA Scan
- Dextrose (glucose)
- Diabeta
- Diabetes
- Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
- Diabetes insipidus
- Diabetes mellitus
- Diabetic foot
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Diabetic macular edema
- Diabetic mastopathy
- Diabetic myelopathy
- Diabetic nerve disease
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Diabetogenic
- Diabetologist
- Diabinese
- Diagnosis
- Dialysis
- Dietitian
- Diovan
- Disparities
- Distal pancreatectomy
- Diuretics
- DKA
- DM
- DPP-IV
- Dulaglutide
- Dupuytren contracture
- DXA
- Dyslipidemia
- ECG
- Edema
- Efficacy
- EKG
- Electrolytes
- Electromyography
- Embryonic stem cell
- EMG
- Empagliflozin
- Enalapril
- End-Stage Renal Disease
- Endocrine Disease
- Endocrine gland
- Endocrinologist
- Endogenous
- Endoscopy
- Enzyme
- Epidemiology
- Erectile dysfunction
- Erythritol
- Estrogen
- Euglycemia
- Exenatide
- Exenatide Extended Release
- Exercise Stress Test
- Exocrine
- Familial Occurrence
- Farxiga
- Fasciitis
- Fasting
- Fat
- Fatigue
- FDA
- Fertility
- Fiber
- Fibre
- Finger-Pricking Device
- Fluvastatin
- Fluvastatin XL
- Fortamet
- Fortified
- Fosinopril
- Fructosamine test
- Fructose
- Gangrene
- Gastrointestinal
- Gastroparesis
- Genetic
- Gestational diabetes
- GFR
- Ghrelin
- Gingivitis
- Gland
- Glands of the body
- Glargine
- Glaucoma
- Glimepiride
- Glipizide
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Glomerulus
- GLP-1
- GLP-1 agonists
- Glucagon
- Glucometer
- Glucophage
- Glucophage XR
- Glucose
- Glucose
- Glucose gel
- Glucose meter
- Glucose tablets
- Glucose tolerance test
- Glucotrol
- Glulisine
- Glyburide
- Glycemia
- Glycemic control
- Glycemic index
- Glycogen
- Glycosuria
- Glycosylated haemoglobin
- Glyset
- Gram
- HbA1c
- HDL
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Hemodialysis
- Hemoglobin A1c
- Hemorrhagic stroke
- Hereditary
- HHS
- High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C)
- HMG-CoA
- Honeymoon phase
- Hormone
- Humalog
- Human Insulin
- Humulin N
- Humulin R
- Hyper-
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome
- Hypertension
- Hypo-
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypoglycemia unawareness
- Hypogonadism
- Hypotension
- Hypothyroidism
- ICA
- ICU
- IDDM
- IFG
- IGT
- Immune-suppressing drugs / Immunosuppressant
- Immune system
- Impaired Fasting Glucose
- Impaired Glucose Tolerance
- Impotence
- Incidence
- Incontinence
- Incretin mimetics
- Indigenous
- Infectious diseases
- Inflammation
- Infusion set
- Insulin
- Insulin analogues
- Insulin dependent diabetes
- Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
- Insulin Lipodystrophy
- Insulin pen
- Insulin pump
- Insulin Receptors
- Insulin resistance
- Insulin sensitivity factor
- Insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio
- Insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio
- Insulinoma
- Intensive Management
- Intermediate-acting insulin
- Intramuscular
- Invokana
- Irbesartan
- Ischemia
- Ischemic stroke
- Islet allotransplant
- Islet autotransplantation
- Islet cell autoantibodies
- Islet / Islet cells / Islets of Langerhans
- Islet transplantation
- Islets in the Pancreas
- IV
- Januvia
- Jardiance
- Juvenile diabetes
- Ketoacidosis
- Ketone
- Ketonuria
- Kidney
- Kidney failure
- Lactate
- Lactic acidosis
- LADA
- Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults
- Lancet
- Lantus
- Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band procedure
- Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
- Laser Treatment
- LDL
- Lean protein
- Legumes
- Lescol
- Levemir
- Lifestyle changes
- Linagliptin
- Lipid profile
- Lipids
- Lipitor
- Lipoatrophy
- Lipohypertrophy
- Liraglutide
- Lisinopril
- Lispro
- Liver
- Long-acting (“basal”) insulin
- Losartan
- Lotensin
- Lovastatin
- Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C)
- Lymphocytes
- Macrosomia
- Macrovascular disease
- Macula
- Macular edema
- Maltitol
- Mannitol
- Mastopathy
- Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young
- Medical alert bracelet
- Mediterranean diet
- Meglitinides
- Mellitis
- Metabolic syndrome
- Metabolism
- Metformin ER
- Metformin hydrochloride
- Mevacor
- mg/dL
- MI
- Micardis
- Microalbuminuria
- Microaneurysm
- Microvascular disease
- Miglitol
- Mindful Eating
- Mixed Meal Test
- mmol/L
- MMT
- MODY
- Monofilament
- Mononeuropathy
- Monopril
- Monounsaturated fat
- Morbidity rate
- Mortality rate
- MRI
- Musculoskeletal
- Myocardial infarction
- Nateglinide
- Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum
- Neonatal
- Neovascularization
- Nephrologist
- Nephropathy
- Nerve conduction studies
- Nesina
- Neurodegenerative
- Neurologic disease
- Neurologist
- Neuropathy
- Niacin
- Niacor
- Niaspan
- NIDDK
- NLD
- Nocturnal hypoglycemia
- Noncaloric or nonnutritive sweeteners
- Noninsulin dependent diabetes
- Nonproliferative retinopathy
- Normoglycemia
- Novolin N
- Novolin R
- NovoLog
- NPH
- NPH insulin
- Nuclear medicine
- NutraSweet
- Nutrients
- Nutritional insulin
- Nutritionist
- Nutritive or caloric sweeteners
- Obese / Obesity
- Obstetrician
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- ostructive
- Off-Loading
- OGTT
- Olmesartan
- Omega-3 Fat
- Onglyza
- Ophthalmologist
- Optometrist
- Oral
- Oral Antihyperglycemic Agent
- Oral glucose-lowering/hypoglycemic medications
- Oral glucose tolerance test
- Osteoarthritis
- Osteopenia
- Osteoporosis
- Outcomes
- Overweight
- Oxidative damage
- Pancreas
- Pancreas Transplantation
- Pancreatectomy
- Pancreaticoduodenectomy
- Pancreatitis
- Partial pancreatectomy
- Pathology
- Pathophysiology
- PCOS
- POCS
- PCSO
- CPOS
- polysystic
- Pediatric endocrinologist
- Peridontal disease
- Periodontist
- Perioperative
- Peripheral arterial disease
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Pharmacist
- Pharmacology
- Phenotype
- Phentermine
- Photocoagulation
- Physiology
- Phytonutrients
- Pioglitazone
- Plaque
- Plavix
- Podiatrist
- Podiatry
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- Polydipsia
- Polyunsaturated fat
- Polyuria
- Post-pancreatectomy diabetes
- Post-prandial
- Postprandial blood glucose
- Postprandial hypoglycemia
- Potassium
- Prandin
- Pravachol
- Pravastatin
- Pre-Conception Counselling
- Precose
- Prediabetes
- Prednisone
- Preprandial blood glucose
- Prevalence
- Progesterone
- Proinsulin
- Proliferative retinopathy
- Prosthesis
- Protein
- Proteinuria
- Psychiatry
- Pulmonary
- PVD
- Quinoa
- Ramipril
- Rapid-acting insulin
- RD
- Rebound hyperglycemia
- Red blood cells
- Registered Dietitian
- Regular insulin
- Renal
- Repaglinide
- Resistance Exercise
- Retina
- Retinopathy
- Risk factor
- Rosiglitazone
- Rosuvastatin
- Saccharin
- Saturated or trans fats
- Saxagliptin
- Secretagogues
- Secrete
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Seizure
- Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
- Sex hormones
- Sexual dysfunction
- SGLT2
- Short-acting (“bolus”) insulin
- Short-chain fatty acids
- Simple carbohydrates
- Simvastatin
- Sitagliptin
- SMBG
- Sodium (salt)
- Sorbitol
- South Beach Diet
- SSRIs
- Starch
- Starlix
- Statins
- Steroid-induced diabetes
- Stevia
- Stroke
- Subcutaneous
- Sucralose
- Sucrose
- Sugar
- Sugar Diabetes
- Sulfonylureas
- Sunett
- Syndrome X
- Systolic heart failure
- T1D
- T2D
- Tanzeum
- Telmisartan
- Test strips
- Testosterone
- Thiazolidinediones
- Thyroid
- Tolazamide
- Tolbutamide
- Tradjenta
- Trans fats
- Triglycerides
- Trulicity
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Type 2 Diabetes
- UKPDS
- Ulcer
- Ultralente insulin
- Ultrasound
- Unit of insulin
- Unsaturated fats
- Urea
- Uremia
- Urinary incontinence
- Urine microalbumin test
- Urine Tests
- Urologist
- Valsartan
- Vascular
- Vasotec
- Vegan
- Vegetarian
- Vein
- Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
- Victoza
- Vitamin D
- VLDL
- Void
- Waist circumference
- Warfarin
- Weight-loss surgery
- Weight Watchers Diet
- Whipple
- Whole food (or) Whole food choices
- Wound care
- X-ray
- Xylitol
- Yeast Infection
- Zestril
- Zocor
- Zone Diet